LIBYAN Anonymous: In 1801, Tripoli declared war on the United States because President Jefferson refused to pay tribute to the sultan to prevent Barbary pirate raids. In October 1803, the Tripolitans captured the U.S. frigate Philadelphia and its crew. War ensued. The Tripolitans capitulated in 1805. This event is reflected in the lyrics 'To the Shores of Tripoli' in the U.S. Marines anthem.