Materials for illumination. Gold leaf & grounds with mineral pigments. (Updated over a year ago)

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MEDIEVAL Anonymous (400-1500): Gold leaf was applied to parchment via a sticky ground such as bole (refined red clay) and gum ammoniac (sap). Minerals such as malachite; lapis lazuli; and azurite were ground to make colors.

Tags: applied arts , european , medieval

Added to CSU World Image Archive on October 28, 2007.

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Update by Kathleen Cohen over a year ago